Speaking of Wilhelm Steinitz’s 1886 victory over Johannes Zukertort, a Chess.com documentary makes a peculiar connection: “It was only fitting that an immigrant in the United States won the World Chess Championship in the same year the Statue of Liberty was dedicated.” This is a peculiar connection because of one thing: when it was dedicated, the Statue of Liberty was not a symbol of immigration but rather a diplomatic gesture from France in celebrating the 1876 centennial of America’s Declaration of Independence. Indeed, people today often erroneously associate the Statue of Liberty with immigration, but that association developed only decades later. Dedicated in 1886 as a monument to liberty, republican ideals, Franco-American friendship, and the successes of the American Revolution, the statue was not originally intended as a symbol of immigration. Above all, it was a symbol of America. To suggest any symbolic connection to immigration is not only historically inaccurate — when...